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Adolescent coming in into a doctor’s clinic for a routine checkup often have her substance abuse problems overlooked by the doctor. Doctors just aren’t able to understand how often adolescent drug abuse occurs, and are quite unable to spot a case reasonably quickly. That’s the expert opinion in the matter. Actually, there are structured screening tools that pediatricians are supposed to use on their patients; they never do, and instead rely on gut instinct. And that usually leads them astray.

If you want to put a number on it, in a study, pediatricians were found to identify adolescent drug abuse only one out of ten times. And in cases where there was real dependence, they thought 100% of the time that the problem was limited to occasional abuse. What does this tell you? To begin with, you need to insist when you take your teenager in for a routine exam that he or she be screened properly with the structured screening tools (they are questionnaires) that they are supposed to use to identify adolescent drug abuse.

So what do these structures screening tool questionnaires actually look like? One of the most popular ones is the CRAFFT test. That’s actually an acronym (in case you didn’t guess already). The C stands for Car. They ask the adolescent to answer if they were ever in a car that was driven by someone who was high on drugs or alcohol. R stands for Relax – they ask the adolescent if they ever used alcohol or drugs to relax or to feel better about themselves or even as a social activity. A stands for Alone – does the adolescent ever used drugs or alcohol when by themselves? F stands for Forget – when they used drugs, do they forget about the things they did under the influence? F stands for Friends and Family – do they ever tell the adolescent that they have a problem with substance abuse? And finally, T stands for trouble – have they ever been in trouble for the things they did when they were under the influence?

Of course it’s easy for a young person being questioned to completely lie about their drug abuse on their CRAFFT test. But researchers find that the test gets useful results, and that’s certainly better than going on gut instinct as the doctors do now.

Health adolescent drug abuse, CRAFFT test, drug abuse

To most people, going back to work after the holidays will mean returning to a workplace working under a boss who isn’t gracious. Workers complain that about four out of ten bosses make promises to their underlings that they have no intention of keeping; and three out of four bosses will go and gossip about a worker’s alleged incompetence with their colleagues. It isn’t just the workers who are on the receiving end of all the abusive treatment who suffer from all of this though. Bosses who make for the abusive relationships lead to poor worker morale all the time in any company and this leads to workers leaving, looking for better jobs elsewhere. It’s the way the saying goes – people don’t believe a company behind – they leave a boss behind.

Employees who have the misfortune to carry out their duties working in abusive relationships under bad bosses are often depressed, report more exhaustion than they should, and worry about anxiety problems. Things can get so bad, that workers often report that they will easily switch to a job with less pay if it will mean working under a more friendly boss. To a hard boss, does treating an employee like this extract more work out of them? Not exactly. Workers in professional abusive relationships are so resentful of the way they are treated often, that they will never volunteer extra time, to do things more quickly. And they will leave as soon as they can, even if it means working for less pay.

So what are the ways in which that managers mistreat the people who work for them? They will try to cover up their own mistakes by looking for a fall guy among the people who work under them, they will behave in a way that shows little respect for their underlings’ right to privacy, they’ll carelessly neglect to give credit when it’s due, and they will gossip about their employees behind their backs. So what exactly should employees stuck in abusive relationships do? One needs to understand that supervisors don’t stay at a particular job forever. They get transferred, or the move on. Looking on the positive side, they need to continue to show the company their full worth so that the next supervisor or boss who comes along sees what they’re capable of.

If things get out of hand though, there is always recourse to dispute resolution at the company, or litigation.

Careers abusive relationships, abusive relationships at work, bad bosses, dispute resolution, poor worker morale

If you have an above ground pool in your backyard, you have a choice of two different kinds of filter to keep the water clean as it goes through the pump. Some systems use a sand filter; others use a filter made of diatomaceous earth. Now with both kinds of filter, backwashing is a proper DIY option. Depending on the kind of filter you use, you’ll have to perform different steps to get the job done.

Let’s start with the diatomaceous earth filter though. To start with, turn the filter off, and find the switch on the filter somewhere that lets you change the filter to backwash mode. You should be ready to switch the pump back on now once that’s done. When water starts running out of the pump now, depending on how long it’s been since your last time cleaning the filter, the water should be somewhat dirty. When you leave it running for long enough, the water coming out of the pump begins to clear up. That indicates to you that your pump is now clean and ready for service again.

All you need to do then is to turn your pump off, and set the dial back to the way it was. You’ll need to check the pressure gauge to see that everything looks okay. And then you should be ready to fill the filter back up with the diatomaceous earth. The amount you need of course will depend on how large a filter you have. You’ll need to check with the owner’s manual to your filter, before you scoop diatomaceous earth into it. Make sure that it fills in evenly, and close everything back up. You’re done now with a job well done.

If your above ground pool has a sand filter, backwashing it follows somewhat the same kinds of steps. The pressure gauge on the sand filter usually shows you when the filter needs to be cleaned. If the pressure gauge shows higher pressure than normal, or if the water flow indicator is up to a third lower than normal, these are your signs that your filter is ready for a good cleaning. All you need to do is to turn off the pump, reverse the valve setting for a thorough backwash, open a different valve in some models for water to flow in the other direction, and turn it on. Once everything is rinsed clean, you shut it down, turn off all the valves and you are done with it.

Home Improvement above ground pool, above ground pool filter, diatomaceous earth, pool filter, sand filter